英国扩展半价铁路卡适用范围 18岁青少年将享一年购票优惠
Half price rail travel extended to 18-year-olds
BBC News · Global Economy · B2 Upper-Int · 2 min read · 2026-08-04
摘要
英国交通部调整铁路优惠卡规则,允许满18岁的青年在满18岁前一天购买16-17岁优惠卡,从而继续享受为期一年的半价火车载客服务。
The UK Department for Transport has expanded the 16-17 Saver railcard rules, allowing 18-year-olds to purchase half-price train tickets for a full year.
长难句拆解
The existing rule meant more than 70,000 students each year were an average of £175 worse off than those in the same academic year who hadn't yet had their 18th birthday, the DfT said.英国交通部表示,现行规则意味着每年有超过7万名学生比同一学年中尚未满18岁的同龄人平均多支出175英镑。
主干:The existing rule meant [that] A were worse off than B, the DfT said.
这句话的核心是对比同一年级中“满18岁”与“未满18岁”的学生在旧规则下的经济损失差异。
- meant 后省略引导词 that:在谓语动词 meant 之后,引导宾语从句的从属连词 that 被省略了。meant 后面紧跟主语 more than 70,000 students,表示“意味着……”。
- 比较级短语 worse off than:badly off 的比较级形式 worse off 表示“境况更差”(通常指经济或财务状况)。an average of £175 作为差额数量置于其前,修饰比较结果。
- 指示代词 those 替代重复名词:代词 those 用于替代上文提到的同类复数名词 students,后接介词短语 in the same academic year 及定语从句,指代“同一学年里的那些学生”。
- 过去完成时 hadn't yet had:had + 过去分词用于表达“过去的过去”。在此处表示在主句过去状态(were worse off)发生之前或当时,这部分学生“尚未满 18 岁”。
He said the change would "lower the cost of travel at a critical time for teenagers, whether they're pursuing further education, vocational pathways or getting their footing in the jobs market".他表示,这项改变将在青少年的关键时期降低出行成本,无论他们是在继续深造、选择职业发展道路,还是在求职市场上立足。
主干:He said the change would lower the cost of travel at A, whether B.
本句核心结构为“主句 + 宾语从句 + 状语从句”:主句 He said 引导宾语从句说明政策效果(降低成本),结尾的 whether 从句列举青少年的不同去向,说明优惠政策全面覆盖各种选择。
- 过去将来时 (would + 动词原形):would 是情态动词 will 的过去式。由于主句谓语动词 said 是过去时,间接引语中表达从过去的角度看“将要”发生的动作时,需将 will 变为 would,构成过去将来时。
- whether... or... 引导让步状语从句:whether... or... 在此处引导让步状语从句,意为“无论…还是…”。它列举了深造、职业培训与就业等不同去向,表明降低成本的政策覆盖所有这些情况。
- 现在分词短语的并列与宾语共享:pursuing 为现在分词,与其后的两个名词短语 further education(进一步教育/深造)和 vocational pathways(职业技能路径)构成动宾关系。第二个宾语前省略了重复的动词 pursuing。
- 固定短语 get one's footing:get one's footing 是固定短语,字面意思是“站稳脚跟”,此处指青少年开始进入求职市场并建立职业根基。getting 与前面的 pursuing 构成现在分词并列。
- 介词短语 at a critical time for...:at a critical time 为介词短语作时间状语,修饰动作 lower;后面的 for teenagers 作后置定语修饰 critical time,明确该关键时刻针对的对象是青少年。
Kaynat Ahmad, vice president for further education at the National Union of Students, described the railcard as "essential for young people reliant on trains to get to college, work or training".英国全国学生联合会负责延续教育的副主席凯纳特·艾哈迈德将该铁路卡描述为“对依赖火车前往学校、工作或培训地点的年轻人来说至关重要”。
主干:Kaynat Ahmad described the railcard as "essential for young people A".
主句核心是“某人把铁路卡描述为……”,后半句用形容词短语(reliant on...)作后置定语修饰“年轻人”。
- describe A as B 结构:表示“把 A 描述/评价为 B”。句中将 the railcard 描述为对年轻群体“至关重要(essential)”。
- 形容词短语作后置定语:形容词短语 reliant on... 紧跟名词 young people,作后置定语修饰年轻人,表示“依赖火车的(年轻人)”。
- 不定式短语作目的状语:不定式短语跟在形容词短语后,说明“依赖火车”的具体目的(为了去上学、工作或参加培训)。
- 同位语短语补充身份:用逗号隔开的名词短语,紧跟主语 Kaynat Ahmad 之后,用于补充说明其职务和头衔。
核心词汇
- extension /ɪkˈstenʃn/ n.
- 延伸,扩展,延期
- an addition that increases the size, scope, or duration of something
- policy extension · deadline extension · extension of time
- expires /ɪkˈspaɪəz/ v.
- 到期,失效
- reaches the end of the period for which it is valid
- contract expires · pass expires · license expires
- worse off /ˌwɜːs ˈɒf/ adj.
- 境况更差的,经济更吃紧的
- in a worse financial or personal situation
- significantly worse off · financially worse off · far worse off
- entitles /ɪnˈtaɪtlz/ v.
- 给予……权利,使有资格
- gives someone a legal right or an official claim to receive or do something
- entitles the holder to · entitles users · entitles eligible members
- vocational pathways /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl ˈpɑːθweɪz/ n.
- 职业技能发展路线
- educational or training routes focused on practical skills and direct preparation for specific trades or careers
- vocational pathways and apprenticeships · pursue vocational pathways · flexible vocational pathways
- reliant on /rɪˈlaɪənt ɒn/ adj.
- 依赖于……的,倚重……的
- dependent on someone or something with reliance
- heavily reliant on · increasingly reliant on · reliant on public transport
原文来源:BBC News · Half price rail travel extended to 18-year-olds(版权归原出版方所有,本站仅提供中文讲解)