英国放宽房贷限制:首次购房者最多可借七倍年收入,但风险随之而来
The change that may help you get a mortgage as a first-time buyer
BBC News · Global Economy · C1 Advanced · 2 min read · 2026-08-03
摘要
英国房贷监管规则的放宽,使首次购房者最多可借到年收入六到七倍的贷款,但这一转变也伴随着更高的财务风险。
Relaxed UK mortgage lending rules now let first-time buyers borrow up to six or seven times their annual income, though the shift carries added financial risk.
长难句拆解
Reckless mortgage lending was blamed for the financial crisis of 2008, which brought some banks to their knees and saw people lose their homes.鲁莽的房贷放贷行为曾被认为是2008年金融危机的罪魁祸首,那场危机使一些银行陷入困境,也让许多人失去了房屋。
主干:A was blamed for B, which C and D.
先抓住主干:不负责任的放贷被归咎为2008年金融危机的原因;再看which引导的从句说明这场危机造成了两个后果:银行濒临倒闭、民众失去住房。
- 被动语态:was blamed for:be blamed for意为被归咎为...的原因。这里用被动语态把不负责任的放贷行为放在句首作为话题焦点,而没有说明是谁去指责,因为这是普遍共识,不需要指名道姓。
- which指代的对象:which是非限定性定语从句的引导词,指代前面的the financial crisis of 2008,即2008年金融危机,而不是更前面的Reckless mortgage lending。因为逻辑上是这场危机造成了银行倒闭和人们失去住房,而不是放贷行为直接造成的。
- 并列谓语共享主语:brought和saw是两个并列的动词,共用同一个主语which,即2008年金融危机,用and连接,表示这场危机同时或先后带来了两个后果。
- 习语:bring someone to their knees:这是一个习语,字面意思是让某人跪下,引申为使某方陷入极度困境、濒临崩溃或倒闭。这里指一些银行因这场危机濒临破产。
- saw加宾语加原形动词:这里的see不是看见的意思,而是新闻英语中常用的固定搭配,表示某段时期或事件见证了...的发生,后面接宾语加动词原形表示宾语所做或所经历的动作。整体意思是这场危机导致人们失去了住房。
In 2014, the business secretary of the time, Vince Cable, said he was appalled that some mortgage providers were lending five times a mortgage applicant's income, suggesting a stable level was up to 3.5 times.2014年,时任商务大臣文斯·凯布尔表示,他对一些房贷机构按申请人收入五倍放贷的做法感到震惊,并认为稳健的水平应为最多3.5倍。
主干:In 2014, A said B, suggesting C.
先抓住主干:A(Vince Cable)说了B(他很震惊);B里面还嵌套着他震惊的具体原因;句末的suggesting是他顺带暗示的另一层意思C,三层信息不要混在一起理解。
- 同位语交代身份:"the business secretary of the time"(同位语,即紧跟在名词后用来补充说明它是谁/是什么的成分)放在"Vince Cable"前面,先给出头衔再给出人名,是英文新闻中常见的写法。
- said后省略that,双重宾语从句:"said"后面省略了连接词that,直接接宾语从句"he was appalled that...";这个宾语从句里,形容词appalled后面又跟了一个that从句说明震惊的原因,形成"从句套从句"的结构,读的时候要分清哪个that属于谁。
- 过去进行时表示当时持续的做法:"were lending"用过去进行时(表示在过去某一时间段内正在持续发生的动作),强调2014年前后这是贷款机构普遍、持续在做的事,而不是一次性的动作;"five times a mortgage applicant's income"意思是"申请人收入的五倍",X times Y是表示倍数的固定说法。
- suggesting分词状语的隐含主语:这是一个现在分词短语(没有自己的主语,直接跟在逗号后面),它的隐含主语要回到主句主语Vince Cable身上,意思是"他在说这番话的同时也暗示了……",而不是凭空冒出一个新的主语。
- up to表示上限:"up to"在这里意思是"最多不超过","up to 3.5 times"即"最多3.5倍",是给出一个上限数值的常用表达。
"The greater flexibility could mean that first time buyers that felt ownership was still out of reach may find that the amount they can borrow has changed markedly in a relatively short time," says David Hollingworth, of mortgage broker L&C.房贷经纪公司L&C的戴维·霍林沃思表示:“更大的灵活性可能意味着,那些原本觉得买房遥不可及的首次购房者,会发现自己在相对短的时间内,可借贷的额度已发生了显著变化。”
主干:"A could mean that B may find that C," says D.
这是一句三层嵌套的引语句:先抓住"D说了什么"这个大框架(A could mean that ...),再依次拆开里面两层that从句(B may find that C)。
- 引语前置+说话动词倒装:新闻文体常把引语放在最前面,再用"says+说话人"补充说明是谁说的;这里语序是"动词+主语"(says David Hollingworth),而不是日常英语更自然的"David Hollingworth says"。
- 双层that宾语从句嵌套:句中连续出现两个that引导的宾语从句:mean后接一个that从句(内容是buyers may find...),这个从句内部又套了find引出的另一个that从句(内容是amount has changed...)。理解时要先分清"谁mean了什么""谁find了什么",再分别处理各自从句的内容。
- felt后省略连接词that:felt后面原本可以加连接词that引出宾语从句(felt that ownership was still out of reach),这里that被省略,felt直接接从句内容"ownership was still out of reach"(拥有住房仍然遥不可及)。
- amount后省略关系代词:the amount后面省略了关系代词that/which,完整形式是"the amount that they can borrow"(他们能借到的金额)。这个关系代词在从句里做borrow的宾语,所以可以省略,是英语中很常见的现象。
- 情态动词表达不确定的可能性:could和may都表示"有可能",而不是"一定会"。说话人用这种委婉、留有余地的措辞,说明这只是一种可能出现的结果,不是肯定的结论。
- 现在完成时表示近期发生且仍具影响的变化:has changed是现在完成时,强调"从过去某个时间点到现在"这段时间内发生的变化,并突出这一变化在说话时仍是最新、有效的信息——即"最近这段时间里明显变了",而不是单纯陈述过去某次变化。
核心词汇
- stacked against you /stækt əˈɡenst juː/ idiom
- 处境不利,形势对某人不利
- put at a heavy disadvantage, with circumstances working against one's success
- the odds are stacked against · everything is stacked against · stacked against them
- deposit /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ noun
- 首付款,购房时预先支付的部分房款
- an initial upfront payment made when purchasing a property, usually a percentage of its price
- save for a deposit · pay a deposit · low-deposit mortgage
- reckless /ˈrekləs/ adjective
- 鲁莽的,不计后果的
- showing a lack of care for consequences; irresponsibly careless
- reckless lending · reckless behaviour · reckless driving
- brought some banks to their knees /brɔːt sʌm bæŋks tə ðeər niːz/ idiom
- 使一些银行陷入严重困境、几近崩溃
- severely weakened or nearly destroyed an organisation
- bring someone to their knees · brought the economy to its knees
- appalled /əˈpɔːld/ adjective
- 感到震惊、骇然的
- filled with dismay or shock
- appalled by · appalled that · utterly appalled
- outstripping /aʊtˈstrɪpɪŋ/ verb (present participle)
- 超过,超越
- exceeding or surpassing in amount or degree
- outstrip demand · outstripping supply · growth outstripping wages
- relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ adjective (past participle)
- (规则等)放宽的,放松的
- made less strict or severe
- relax the rules · relaxed regulations · rules have been relaxed
- markedly /ˈmɑːkɪdli/ adverb
- 显著地,明显地
- to a noticeable or significant degree
- changed markedly · markedly different · improved markedly
原文来源:BBC News · The change that may help you get a mortgage as a first-time buyer(版权归原出版方所有,本站仅提供中文讲解)