英国警方"黑客改造计划":引导问题少年远离网络犯罪

How police are trying to divert teen hackers away from crime

BBC News · Technology & AI · C1 Advanced · 2 min read · 2026-08-02

摘要

英国警方通过名为"网络选择"(Cyber Choices)的项目,及早发现有黑客倾向的青少年(其中许多属于神经多样性群体),并引导他们把技术兴趣转向合法的网络安全职业,而不是继续走上犯罪道路。

UK police run a scheme called Cyber Choices that identifies young, often neurodiverse hackers early and tries to steer their skills toward legitimate cyber-security careers instead of prosecution.

长难句拆解

"It's quite a sense of achievement when you've succeeded in doing something that two or three trained professionals have spent a lot of time trying to stop you doing," he said.

他说:"当你成功做成一件两三个训练有素的专业人员花了很长时间想要阻止你做的事情时,那确实是一种成就感。"

主干He said, "It's an achievement when you succeed in doing A," A = something two or three trained professionals spent a lot of time trying to stop you doing.

先抓主干'这是一种成就感(when...)',再看when从句里嵌套了一个定语从句,专门说明'那件事'有多难——连专业人员都拦不住你。

  • 虚指主语It + when从句:说明感受出现的场景:It在这里不指代具体事物,只是形式主语;真正的意思要靠后面的when从句补全,整体意思是'当你做成某事时,会很有成就感'。
  • 现在完成时表示'已经达成的经历':you've succeeded(=you have succeeded)用现在完成时,强调'成功'这件事已经发生并带来现在的感受,而不是具体指某一次的时间点,带有'一旦做成过'的经历色彩。
  • 定语从句中关系代词that作句末动词的宾语:that代替先行词something,被提到从句开头;但它在意义上是从句末尾doing的宾语,所以doing后面看起来'没有宾语'。理解顺序应该是:professionals...trying to stop you doing [that=something]。
  • spend + 时间 + doing:花时间做某事:spend a lot of time trying to stop表示'花了大量时间尝试阻止',doing后面接的是他们尝试阻止的动作(即阻止你做那件事)。
  • stop sb doing sth:阻止某人做某事:stop sb doing sth意为'阻止某人做某事',英式英语中常省略from,完整形式是stop sb from doing sth。
Instead, they often begin by experimenting with technology, testing systems or trying to bypass restrictions before becoming drawn into online communities where hacking is encouraged.

相反,他们往往是从摆弄技术、测试系统或试图绕过限制开始的,随后逐渐被卷入鼓励黑客行为的网络社区。

主干A often begin by B before becoming drawn into C where D.

先做看似无害的技术探索(B),之后才逐渐被卷入鼓励黑客行为的网络社区(C+D),这是时间上的先后关系,不是同时发生的两件事。

  • begin by + 动名词:表示“以...方式开始”:“begin by + V-ing”表示“通过做某事来开始某个过程”,这里指年轻人最初就是通过摆弄技术来启动整个演变过程,而不是先经过一段时间才涉及技术——摆弄技术本身就是“开始”这件事。
  • 三个并列动名词短语:这三个动名词短语都是“by”的宾语,用逗号和“or”并列连接,表示三种可能的早期探索行为(未必都做,可能只做其中一种或几种),它们处于同一层级,不分先后主次。
  • before + 分词结构(隐含主语):“before”这里是介词,后接动名词“becoming”,其隐含主语与主句“they”一致,相当于“before [they] become drawn into...”。它说明“探索技术”发生在“被卷入社区”之前,两者存在时间先后关系。
  • become drawn into:被动的渐变过程:“drawn”是“draw”的过去分词,“become drawn into”属于被动语态的一种,强调“逐渐被拉入/卷入”这一变化过程,而非他们主动选择加入,暗示这是一个渐进且带有被动色彩的演变。
  • where引导的定语从句:“where”指代前面的“online communities”,引导定语从句说明这些社区的特点:“黑客行为在其中被鼓励”。“is encouraged”是被动语态,省略了施动者,突出“黑客行为被鼓励”这一氛围本身,而非谁在鼓励。
  • they 的指代对象:“they”在本句中没有先行词,其真实所指来自上一句“许多年轻违法者(many young offenders)”,先确认主语是谁,才能读懂整句在讲什么人的演变过程。
Two teenage hackers who were jailed earlier this month for the TfL hack were also autistic - which was taken into account by the judge when he sentenced them to five and a half years in prison.

两名早前因TfL黑客事件在本月被判入狱的青少年黑客同样患有自闭症——法官在判处他们五年半监禁时将这一点纳入了考量。

主干A who B were also autistic — which C took into account when C sentenced them to five and a half years.

主干只是"两名黑客也是自闭症患者",后面"which...when..."两个从句都在补充说明:法官判刑时把这个事实考虑在内。

  • which 指代整个前句事实,而非某个词:这里的"which"不是指代离它最近的词"autistic",而是回指前面整个分句所描述的情况——"这两名黑客也是自闭症患者"这件事本身。英语中"which"常用来概括指代前面一整句话或一个情况。
  • 被动语态:突出被考虑/被判的对象,而不是动作执行者:"was taken into account"和"were jailed"都是被动语态,把"这个事实"和"黑客们"放在主语位置,强调的是他们"被考虑"、"被监禁"这一结果,而不是刻意强调是谁做的(法官/法院)。
  • who 引导的限定性定语从句:"who"代替"Two teenage hackers",这个从句用来说明是"哪两名"黑客——即本月早些时候因TfL黑客攻击案被判入狱的那两人,是对主语的必要限定说明。
  • when 引导的时间状语从句:"when"从句说明法官"把这一事实考虑在内"的具体时刻,就是他对两人判刑的那一刻,二者是同一时间发生的动作,不是先后两件事。
  • sentence sb. to ... in prison 判刑固定搭配:"sentence somebody to + 时长 + in prison"是法律英语中"判处某人...年监禁"的固定说法,这里"sentence"是动词,意为"判刑",不要和名词"a sentence"(一句话/一项判决)混淆。

核心词汇

tinkering /ˈtɪŋkərɪŋ/ verb (gerund)
摆弄,捣鼓(尝试性地修改或试验)
making small, exploratory adjustments to something, often without formal expertise
tinker with something · tinkering around · start tinkering
expelled /ɪkˈspeld/ verb (past participle)
(被学校)开除
officially made to leave a school or institution, especially for bad behaviour
be expelled from school · close to being expelled · expel a student
exposing /ɪkˈspəʊzɪŋ/ verb (present participle)
使暴露于,使接触(风险或不良影响)
causing someone to be at risk of or open to something harmful or unfamiliar
expose someone to something · exposed to risk · expose to influence
bypass /ˈbaɪpɑːs/ verb
绕过,避开(限制或规则)
to avoid or go around a restriction, rule or system rather than dealing with it directly
bypass restrictions · bypass a system · try to bypass
neurodiverse /ˌnjʊərəʊdaɪˈvɜːs/ adjective
神经多样性的(指自闭症、多动症等神经发育差异人群)
relating to variation in neurological development, such as autism, regarded as a normal difference rather than a disorder
neurodiverse individuals · neurodiverse population · be neurodiverse
enrolled /ɪnˈrəʊld/ verb (past participle)
被纳入,被登记加入(项目或课程)
officially registered as a member or participant in a course, programme or institution
enrol on a programme · be enrolled in a course · enrol as a member
alleged /əˈledʒd/ verb (past participle, passive)
被指控,被声称(尚未证实)
said to have happened or to have been done, without proof having yet been provided
be alleged to have · allegedly · alleged offence

原文来源:BBC News · How police are trying to divert teen hackers away from crime(版权归原出版方所有,本站仅提供中文讲解)