希思罗获准收回跑道项目前期费用,机票价格预计上涨15便士

Ticket prices set to rise by 15p as Heathrow able to recover runway project money

BBC News · Global Economy · C1 Advanced · 2 min read · 2026-07-29

摘要

英国航空监管机构将允许希思罗机场通过提高向航空公司收取的费用,收回最多3.2亿英镑的第三跑道前期规划成本,预计2028年机票价格将因此上涨15便士,同时相关费用将受到消费者保护措施的约束。

The UK aviation regulator will allow Heathrow to recover up to £320m in early third-runway planning costs through higher airline charges, which are expected to add 15p to ticket prices in 2028, subject to consumer safeguards.

长难句拆解

A bidder which unsuccessfully put forward a rival design involving a shorter runway, Arora Group's Heathrow West, will also be allowed to recover £4.1m pounds in costs.

曾提出较短跑道竞争方案但未获成功的竞标方——阿罗拉集团旗下的Heathrow West——也将获准收回410万英镑成本。

主干A bidder (Heathrow West) will also be allowed to recover costs.

先抓住主干:真正的主语是“A bidder”,主要动作是“will also be allowed to recover”;中间两部分只是在说明这个竞标者是谁、曾做过什么。

  • 先越过长主语,找到主要动作:主语从“A bidder”开始,主要谓语直到两个逗号之后才出现。阅读时可先把中间说明暂时括起来:A bidder (…) will also be allowed to recover costs。
  • which从句说明竞标者曾做过什么:“which”指回“A bidder”,不是指Heathrow West之外的其他事物。“put forward”表示正式提出方案;“unsuccessfully”表示这次竞争或提议没有成功。过去式“put”把提出方案放在后来的获准收回费用之前。
  • 逗号间的名称是在给bidder验明身份:“Arora Group's Heathrow West”与“A bidder”指同一个对象,是补充身份的同位说明。去掉这个名称,句子的语法仍然完整,只是少了竞标者的具体身份。
  • involving把design继续缩小范围:“involving a shorter runway”直接修饰“design”,意思是“涉及/包含一条较短跑道的方案”。它不修饰bidder,也不表示竞标者本人包含跑道。
  • will be allowed突出许可结果:这是被动表达:句子关注竞标者将获得什么许可,没有说出由谁批准。时间上,“will”把许可放在未来;“to recover”说明许可的具体内容。“also”表示除上下文中的Heathrow Airport外,这个竞标者也获得类似许可。
The CAA said allowing these costs to be recouped will result in the maximum airport charge per passenger increasing by around 15 pence in 2028, rising to an estimated 30 pence in the following years.

英国民航局表示,允许收回这些成本将使每名乘客的机场费上限在2028年提高约15便士,并在随后几年增至预计30便士。

主干The CAA said [that] A will result in B increasing by 15p, [with the additional amount] rising to C.

先抓住两层:CAA 在转述一个判断;这个判断是“允许收回成本”将导致每位乘客承担的额外收费先增加约15便士,随后增至约30便士。

  • said 后省略了 that:said 后直接接一整项陈述,意思相当于 said that...。这里的 allowing 不是 said 的宾语动作,而是后面内容从句的主语。常见结构是“主语 + say (that) + 完整陈述”。
  • 用 -ing 形式把一件事当作主语:allowing... 整体表示“允许收回这些成本这件事”,并作为 will result in 的主语。will 表明这是 CAA 对未来结果的判断。
  • allow + 宾语 + 被动不定式:these costs 是 allow 的宾语,但在 recoup 这个动作中又是承受者,所以使用 to be recouped,即“允许这些成本被收回”。
  • result in + 名词 + -ing 描述造成的结果:result in 后面的整体意思是“导致最高机场收费增加”。charge 是 increasing 的逻辑主语:发生增加的是收费。
  • by 表示增量,to 表示终点:by around 15 pence 回答“增加多少”;to an estimated 30 pence 回答“升到多少”。这里结合上下文,30便士应理解为后来每位乘客新增的金额。
  • rising 补充同一变化的后一阶段:逗号后的 rising 没有另起一个完整句子,而是接着说明前述收费变化在随后几年如何发展。其时间晚于 in 2028。
The CAA's director of consumers and markets, Tim Johnson, said today's decision "strikes a balance between supporting the delivery of benefits to consumers through timely progress on Heathrow expansion, whilst also protecting them from undue increases in costs".

英国民航局消费者与市场事务主管蒂姆·约翰逊表示,今天的决定“在两个方面取得了平衡:既通过及时推进希思罗扩建为消费者带来益处,也保护他们免受不当成本上涨的影响”。

主干Tim Johnson said [that] today's decision strikes a balance between A and B.

先抓住两层“谁做什么”:Johnson在发表看法;他认为“今天的决定”同时兼顾A和B。

  • said后省略内容连接词that:said后面直接接“today's decision strikes…”,意思是“说这个决定……”。可在said后补出that来显出层级,但that没有出现在原文中。引语里的strikes用一般现在时,把“取得平衡”呈现为对该决定当前性质的判断;said则把Johnson的发言放在过去的报道时间中。
  • 职务与姓名指同一个人:Tim Johnson不是另一个人,而是前面职务的具体姓名。去掉姓名后,句子仍是“The CAA's director … said …”。
  • strike a balance引出需要兼顾的两方面:strike a balance表示“取得平衡”。supporting和protecting是并列的两个行动:既支持扩建带来消费者利益,也保护消费者不承担不合理的成本上涨。此处whilst接近“同时、而又”。
  • them指前面的consumers:them回指consumers,而不是Heathrow expansion。受到保护的是消费者,保护他们免受的是不合理的成本上涨。
  • through说明实现利益的途径:through表示“通过某种方式”。这里不是泛泛地支持消费者利益,而是说:及时推进希思罗机场扩建,是把利益带给消费者的途径。

核心词汇

claw back /ˌklɔː ˈbæk/ phrasal verb
追回或逐步收回失去的资金
to recover money or something of value that was previously spent or lost
claw back money · claw back losses · claw back market share
put forward /ˌpʊt ˈfɔːwəd/ phrasal verb
提出供讨论或考虑
to formally present an idea, proposal, argument or candidate for consideration
put forward a proposal · put forward an argument · put forward a candidate
safeguards /ˈseɪfɡɑːdz/ plural noun
防止消费者受到不合理收费影响的保障措施
measures designed to prevent harm, loss or abuse
introduce safeguards · adequate safeguards · safeguards against abuse
tranche /trɑːnʃ/ noun
一批或一期拨付的款项
one part of a larger amount of money or financial arrangement released at a particular time
first tranche · second tranche · tranche of funding
recouped /rɪˈkuːpt/ past participle
被收回或得到补偿
recovered after being spent, invested or lost
recoup costs · recoup losses · recoup an investment
passed onto /ˌpɑːst ˈɒntuː/ phrasal construction
被转嫁给
transferred to another party so that it bears the cost or responsibility
pass costs on to consumers · pass savings on to customers · pass responsibility on to others
deliverable /dɪˈlɪvərəbl/ adjective
能够切实完成或实施的
capable of being successfully achieved, completed or implemented
deliverable solution · deliverable plan · deliverable outcome
undue /ˌʌnˈdjuː/ adjective
过度的;不适当的
greater than is reasonable, appropriate or necessary
undue pressure · undue influence · undue delay

原文来源:BBC News · Ticket prices set to rise by 15p as Heathrow able to recover runway project money(版权归原出版方所有,本站仅提供中文讲解)